Jiangxi Wen will spring open Tang poetry, through the Tang Dynasty, there is a young poet named Jia Dao, riding a donkey walking in the streets of Chang 'an。While he was in a hurry to get on, he used his hands to make gestures of "pushing" and "knocking" on the door, which made passers-by look at his abnormal behavior differently。At this time, Han Yu, who was then a servant of the Ministry of Official Affairs, also happened to pass by here, surrounded by the honor guard。Pedestrians on the street, vehicles to see the court of the official tour all have to avoid, only Jia island riding on the donkey, still go their own way, turning a blind eye straight into Han Yu honor guard。As a result, Jia island was won on the spot by the police, transferred to Han Yu's car before accountability。Han Yu shouted in the sedan chair: "Why dare to make trouble for the people？At this time, Jia Island woke up and realized that he had made a great disaster because he was too immersed in the artistic conception of doing poetry。However, the matter has reached this point, Jia island had to truthfully reply to explain the reason, kindly Han adult punishment。At the same time, Jia Island also made his new five-word verse "Subject Li Ning's secluded" read to Han Yu, the poem said: "idle little neighbor and grass path into the wilderness garden.。Bird house pool tree, monk push (knock) under the moon door。Cross the bridge to divide the color, move the stone to move the cloud root。I'm here for a while, and I'm here for a while。"And a word in the poem is to use the word" push ", or use the word "knock" is good, I can't make up my mind at the moment, please Sir Han to decide。Han Yu learned that after the situation, not only did not blame Jia island's recklessness and recklessness, but he thought, and finally confirmed that "with 'knock' word is better!"The conclusion of。 So, why would Han Yu confirm that the word "knock" is better than the word "push"？First of all, we look for the answer from Jia Dao's five-character verse "The Secret Residence of Li Ning"。According to the Annals of Tang Poetry, Jia Dao (779-843), the character Langxian, another Zuo Langxian, Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province。In his early years, his family was poor, and he was forced to flee into an empty household。When he was 19 years old, he first met the poet Meng Jiao, Meng Jiao's talent and ambition influenced Jia Island, so that he had the idea of returning to the common exam to win fame and serve the motherland。In the winter of 810, in the fifth year of Yuan He, Jia Dao traveled to Chang 'an and met the poet Zhang Ji, who recommended him。In the spring of the following year, Jia Island began to visit Han Yu on Chang 'an Street because of "deliberation", and was deeply appreciated by Han Yu。Later, Jia Island was taught by Han Yu, and returned to the secular to participate in the imperial examination, but unfortunately failed repeatedly。Get down to business，Jia Island will be "the secret residence of Li Ning" after the poem made，To the poem in the foreword "bird house pool tree，Monk push (knock) under the moon door "is to use the word" push "properly，It's better to use the word "knock"，It's been bothering him for days，Until he rode a donkey on the streets of Chang 'an，Still immersed in his poem and crashed into Han Yu's car。Why will Jia Island repeatedly consider the word "push, knock" and hang on for a long time？I think it should be analyzed from the following aspects: First, from the perspective of "social environment, folk customs"。Steal thought, why Jia Island will repeatedly consider "push, knock" the word is there a reason。As we all know, the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the good policy of governance and inclusiveness, and finally built the Tang Dynasty into the most powerful and civilized country in the world at that time。At that time, the social order of the Tang Empire was good, people lived a prosperous life, neighbors got along well with each other, and everywhere showed a peaceful scene of "never closing the house at night, and no road was picked up.。Even some places have formed such a simple folk custom, as long as the more close neighbors or friends visit each other, as close as their own family, they do not knock on the door or say hello, can directly push the door to visit the owner of the house。The poet Jia Dao lived in the Middle Tang Dynasty, he and the hermit Li Ning is "iron brother", Jia Dao does not knock on the door directly into Li Ning's home behavior must exist, even at night is very likely to happen this phenomenon。Therefore, Jia Island in the poem "bird house pool tree, monk pushing the door under the moon" with the word "push" is practical writing, if the word "knock" but out of reality。Because, writing articles or poetry can not be divorced from reality, otherwise, divorced from the reality of the article can not truly reflect the objective facts at that time, which will lose the purpose of composition handed down。Therefore, Jia Island has been immersed in the "push, knock" two words and can not make a decision, it can make sense。 Secondly, it is understood from the Angle of "etiquette, teaching and law, advocating civilization"。I think that Han Yu changed the "push" word to "knock" word, which is obviously superior to others。As the saying goes: "no rules, no square"。China is an ancient civilization, as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, has the reputation of a state of etiquette。Han Yu was a senior official of the court at that time, whose character and behavior represented the country, and he thought that Jia Dao used the word "push" in the poem "Bird house pool tree, monk push the door under the moon", although it was practical writing, but it was contrary to the ritual law, and obviously not desirable。If you use the word "knock", it will not only destroy the artistic conception of the poem, but also conform to the etiquette and law, highlighting the degree of civilization。Let's just imagine，In the dead of night，Even when your own family comes back from the outside，Just push the door in without knocking or saying hello，It could disturb other loved ones in the house，Let alone an outsider，Without knocking or greeting the owner of the house，Just break into someone's house，I'd be surprised if they didn't think you were a thief。Moreover, for literary works, although they originate from life, they must be higher than life。Poetry works that are too realistic or matter-of-fact will be boring。Therefore, if Jia Island uses the word "push" in the poem, it is obvious that it will end up inferior。 Thirdly, it is understood from the Angle of "ideological realm, literary accomplishment"。I thought that Han Yu changed Jia Dao's poem "Bird's pool tree, monk pushing the door under the moon" to "Bird's pool tree, monk knocking on the door under the moon", which obviously enhanced his ideological realm。However, Jia Dao was praised as a "bitter poet", indicating that he was very rigorous in poetry, especially in "refining words, refining sentences, refining meaning"。His famous poem "two sentences for three years, a chant two tears flow" is the best evidence。A poet like this, who works hard and seriously, cannot fail to understand the different meanings of the word "push" and the word "knock" in a poem。It is thought that this is because of the difference between Jia Island and Han Yu in their respective ideological realm and height。Actions speak louder than words。First, when Jia Dao wrote the poem "The Secret Residence of Li Ning", he was still a monk, living at the bottom of the society, and his height was obviously not comparable to Han Yu。Second, Jia Dao was still young at that time, and his ideological realm could not be compared with Han Yu, who was a servant of the official Ministry at that time, in terms of knowledge, opinion and bearing。Therefore, Jia Island in the "push, knock" two words on the awkward situation, it is not difficult to explain。 Jia Dao, a poet in Tang Dynasty, repeatedly considered the words "push and knock" because of his poem "Titi Li Ning's Seclusion", which caused an adventure, but achieved a good story in the history of Chinese literature, and also became the origin of "deliberating" allusions。If we write articles and do poetry, if everyone has the spirit of "deliberation" of Jia Island, the Chinese literary world will once again appear "a hundred flowers bloom, a hundred schools of thought contend" prosperity。
Author's corresponding address: (342600) Wenhui Chuncheng, No. 73, South Street, Huichang County, Jiangxi Province
